Impembelelo ye-vulcanization kwisakhiwo kunye neempawu zerabha

Impembelelo ye-vulcanization kwisakhiwo kunye neempawu zerabha:

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Vulcanization linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweemveliso zerabha, eliyinkqubo yokutshintsha ukusuka kwisakhiwo esithe ngqo ukuya kwisakhiwo somzimba, nto leyo ezisa utshintsho olupheleleyo oluquka iimpawu zomzimba nezoomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nesinyibilikisi, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, nto leyo ephucula ixabiso kunye noluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwemveliso.

Ulwakhiwo kunye neempawu zerabha zitshintsha kakhulu ngaphambi nasemva kokuhlanganiswa. Iimolekyuli zerabha ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa zinesakhiwo esithe nkqo kunye namandla e-van der Waals asebenza phakathi kwazo, ebonisa ukuqina okuhle kunye nobude, kunye nokunyibilika. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlanganiswa, iimolekyuli ziyaqaliswa kwaye zenze ii-chemical cross-linking reactions, zenze isakhiwo senethiwekhi apho iimolekyuli zibotshelelwa zii-chemical bonds.

Ulwakhiwo kunye neempawu zerabha evulcanized ziquka ikakhulu:

Ulwakhiwo: iibhondi zeekhemikhali, indawo yeebhondi ezidibanisayo, inqanaba lokudibanisa, kunye nokudibanisa

Ukusebenza: Iipropati zoomatshini (amandla okwandiswa rhoqo, ubulukhuni, amandla okuxinana, ukwanda, ukuthamba), iipropati zomzimba, uzinzo lweekhemikhali emva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-vulcanization

Inkqubo yokuguqula irabha ibe yi-vulcanization inokutshintsha kakhulu iipropati zerabha. Umzekelo, xa sithatha irabha yendalo, njengoko inqanaba lokuguqula irabha libe yi-vulcanization lisanda:

Utshintsho kwiimpawu zoomatshini: ukwanda kokuguquguquka, amandla okutsalwa, amandla okutsalwa, amandla okukrazula, kunye nobunzima, ukuncipha kobude, ukuguqulwa okusisigxina koxinzelelo, kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu bokudinwa

Utshintsho kwiimpawu zomzimba: Ukungena komoya kunye nokungena kwamanzi kuyehla, akunakunyibilika, kunokudumba kuphela, ukumelana nobushushu kuyaphucuka, uzinzo lweekhemikhali luyaphucuka, impendulo edibanisayo isusa amaqela okanye iiathom ezisebenza kakhulu, okwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuyenza impendulo yokwaluphala. Ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi luthintela ukusasazeka kweemolekyuli ezisezantsi, okwenza kube nzima ukuba ii-radicals zerabha zisasazeke.

Iimeko ze-vulcanization, kuquka uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nexesha, zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezimisela iziphumo ze-vulcanization. Uxinzelelo lwe-vulcanization lunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukwakheka kwamaqamza kwizinto zerabha, ukuphucula ubuncinci bezinto zerabha, kunye nokuzalisa isikhunta ngezinto zerabha. Ingaphucula nokunamathelana phakathi kweeleya ezahlukeneyo (umaleko zerabha kunye nomaleko zelaphu okanye umaleko wesinyithi, umaleko zelaphu kunye nomaleko zelaphu) kwimveliso, kwaye iphucule iimpawu zomzimba zerabha e-vulcanized (njengokumelana nokugoba).

Ubushushu be-vulcanization yimeko esisiseko ye-vulcanization reaction, enokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya se-vulcanization, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho zeshishini. Ukunyusa ubushushu be-vulcanization kunokukhawulezisa isantya se-vulcanization kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa ubushushu be-vulcanization obugqithisileyo bunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinje ngokuphuka kwe-molecular chain yerabha, ukuguqulwa kwe-vulcanization, ukwehla kweempawu zoomatshini zezinto zerabha, kunye nokuncipha kwamandla elaphu. Kunganciphisa nexesha elitshisayo lezinto zerabha, okubangela ukungabikho kwerabha yendawo kunye nokungalingani kwemveliso. Ke ngoko, ukukhethwa kobushushu be-vulcanization kufuneka kuqwalasele ngokupheleleyo izinto ezinje ngohlobo lwerabha, inkqubo ye-vulcanization, kunye nolwakhiwo lwemveliso.

Ukuchonga iimeko ze-vulcanization - kuquka uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nexesha - yinkqubo enzima efuna ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezininzi.

Uxinzelelo lweVulcanization: Ukukhetha uxinzelelo lweVulcanization kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuyilo kunye neemfuno zeemveliso zerabha. Ngokubanzi, ukhetho loxinzelelo luxhomekeke kakhulu kwimilo, ubungakanani, kunye nobunzima beemveliso zerabha. Okukhona uxinzelelo luphezulu, kokukhona irabha inyibilika ngcono, nto leyo enokuzalisa ngcono isikhunta. Kwangaxeshanye, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kwamaqamza kwaye luphucule ukuxinana kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokukhokelela ekuphumeni kakhulu kwezinto zerabha, okubangela ukugqwetheka kwimo yemveliso.

Ubushushu be-sulfurization: Ubushushu be-vulcanization buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya kunye nomgangatho wempendulo ye-vulcanization. Okukhona ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona impendulo ye-vulcanization ikhawuleza, kodwa inokubangela ukwaphuka kwee-molecular chain zerabha, nto leyo echaphazela iimpawu zomzimba zemveliso. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo be-vulcanization bunokuqinisekisa isantya esihle se-vulcanization ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubushushu kwizinto zerabha.

Ixesha le-sulfurization: Ixesha le-vulcanization linxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nobushushu be-vulcanization. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokufuna amaxesha amafutshane e-vulcanization, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Ngokubanzi, ukukhethwa kwexesha le-vulcanization kufuneka kuqwalaselwe uhlobo lwezinto zerabha, ubushushu be-vulcanization, kunye nobukhulu bemveliso. Ixesha elifanelekileyo le-vulcanization elimiselwe ngovavanyo linokuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zerabha zifezekisa iipropati ezifanelekileyo zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokuguga.

Lilonke, ukumisela iimeko ze-vulcanization yinkqubo efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nohlobo lwezinto zerabha, imo yemveliso, izixhobo ze-vulcanization, njl. Kwimveliso yokwenyani, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi kwaye kancinci kancinci uphucule iimeko ze-vulcanization ukuze kufumaneke ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.