Impembelelo ye-vulcanization kwisakhiwo kunye neempawu zerubha

Impembelelo ye-vulcanization kwisakhiwo kunye neempawu zerabha:

I-Vulcanization linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweemveliso zerabha, okuyinkqubo yokuguqula ukusuka kwisakhiwo somgca ukuya kwisakhiwo somzimba, ukuzisa utshintsho olubanzi olubandakanya iimpawu zomzimba kunye noomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa kwe-solvent, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, ukuphucula ixabiso kunye nesicelo. uluhlu lwemveliso.

Ubume kunye neepropathi zerabha zenza utshintsho olubalulekileyo ngaphambi nangemva kokutshatyalaliswa kwe-vulcanization.Iimolekyuli zerabha ngaphambi kokuba ivulcanization ibe nesakhiwo somgca kunye nemikhosi ye-van der Waals esebenza phakathi kwayo, ibonisa iplastiki elungileyo kunye nobude, kunye nokunyibilika.Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-vulcanization, iamolekyu zivuselelwa kwaye zenze i-chemical cross-linking reactions, zenza isakhiwo sothungelwano apho iimolekyuli ziboshwe ngamabhondi ekhemikhali.

Ubume kunye neepropathi zerabha evulnisiweyo ziquka:

Ulwakhiwo: iibhondi zeekhemikhali, indawo yokudibanisa iibhondi ezinqamlezileyo, idigri ye-cross-linking, kunye ne-cross-linking

Ukusebenza: Iipropathi zeMechanical (amandla okwandisa rhoqo, ukuqina, ukomelela, ukomelela, ukunwebeka), iipropathi zomzimba, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali emva kokutshatyalaliswa

Inkqubo ye-vulcanization inokuguqula ngokuphawulekayo iimpawu zerubha.Ukuthatha irabha yendalo njengomzekelo, njengoko inqanaba le-vulcanization lisanda:

Utshintsho kwiipropathi zoomatshini: ukonyuka kwe-elasticity, ukomelela, ukomelela, ukomelela, ukukrazula, kunye nobunzima, ukuncipha kobude, ukunyanzeliswa kwenguqu esisigxina, kunye nokudinwa kokuvelisa ubushushu.

Utshintsho kwiipropathi zenyama: Ukungena komoya kunye nokuncipha kokungena kwamanzi, akunakunyibilika, kunokudumba kuphela, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kuphucula, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kuphucula, ukusabela kwe-crosslinking kuphelisa amaqela asebenzayo okanye ii-athomu, okwenza kube nzima ukusabela ukwaluphala.Isakhiwo sothungelwano sithintela ukusasazwa kwee-molecule eziphantsi, okwenza kube nzima ukuba i-raber free radicals isasazeke.

Iimeko ze-vulcanization, kubandakanywa uxinzelelo, ukushisa, kunye nexesha, zizinto eziphambili ezibonisa iziphumo ze-vulcanization.Uxinzelelo lwe-vulcanization lunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukubunjwa kweebhubhu kwi-rubber material, ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto zerabha, kunye nokuzalisa isikhunta ngezinto zerubha.Isenokuphucula ukuncamathela phakathi kwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo (irabha umaleko kunye nelaphu lelaphu okanye umaleko wesinyithi, umaleko welaphu kunye nomaleko welaphu) kwimveliso, kwaye uphucule iimpawu ezibonakalayo zerabha evuthelweyo (njengokumelana nokugoba).

Ubushushu be-vulcanization yimeko esisiseko ye-vulcanization reaction, enokuthi ichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo isantya se-vulcanization, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho zeshishini.Ukuphakamisa ubushushu be-vulcanization kunokukhawulezisa isantya se-vulcanization kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-vulcanization bunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinjengokophuka kwetsheyina yerabha, ukuguqulwa kwe-vulcanization, ukuncipha kweempawu zoomatshini bezinto zerabha, kunye nokuncipha kwamandla eendwangu.Isenokunciphisa ixesha elitshisayo lemathiriyeli yerabha, ibangele ukunqongophala kwerabha yendawo kunye nokungalingani okungalinganiyo kweemveliso.Ke ngoko, ukhetho lobushushu be-vulcanization kufuneka luqwalasele ngokubanzi izinto ezinje ngohlobo lwerabha, inkqubo ye-vulcanization, kunye nokwakheka kwemveliso.

Ukumisela iimeko ze-vulcanization - kubandakanywa uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nexesha - yinkqubo enzima efuna ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezininzi.

Uxinzelelo lweVulcanization: Ukhetho loxinzelelo lwe-vulcanization luxhomekeke kuyilo kunye neemfuno zeemveliso zerabha.Ngokubanzi, ukhetho loxinzelelo luxhomekeke ikakhulu kubume, ubungakanani, kunye nobunzima beemveliso zerabha.Uxinzelelo olukhulu, ngcono ukumanzi kwerabha, enokuthi izalise ngcono isikhunta.Ngexesha elifanayo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuveliswa kweebhubhu kunye nokuphucula ukuhambelana kwemveliso.Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokukhokelela ekuhambeni ngokugqithiseleyo kwezinto zerabha, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwimilo yemveliso.

Ubushushu besulphurization: Ubushushu be-vulcanization buchaphazela ngqo isantya kunye nomgangatho wokusabela kwe-vulcanization.Ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa, ngokukhawuleza ukusabela kwe-vulcanization, kodwa kunokubangela ukuphuka kwamatyathanga e-rubber molecular, okuchaphazela iimpawu ezibonakalayo zemveliso.Ukushisa okufanelekileyo kwe-vulcanization kunokuqinisekisa isantya esilungileyo se-vulcanization ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo omkhulu we-thermal kwizinto zerabha.

Ixesha le-sulfurization: Ixesha le-vulcanization lihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobushushu be-vulcanization.Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu asenokufuna amaxesha amafutshane e-vulcanization, kwaye ngokuphendululekileyo.Ngokubanzi, ukukhethwa kwexesha le-vulcanization kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo uhlobo lwezinto zerabha, ubushushu be-vulcanization, kunye nobukhulu bemveliso.Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuxhatshazwa eligqitywe ngemifuniselo linokuqinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli yerabha ifezekisa iipropathi ezifanelekileyo zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokuguga.

Ngokubanzi, ukugqiba iimeko ze-vulcanization yinkqubo efuna ingqwalasela ebanzi yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nohlobo lwezinto zerabha, imilo yemveliso, izixhobo ze-vulcanization, njl. Kwimveliso yangempela, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba imifuniselo emininzi kunye nokwandisa ngokuthe ngcembe iimeko ze-vulcanization. ukufumana eyona mveliso ibalaseleyo.