Kutheni irabha kufuneka ivulcanized? Zithini iingenelo zerabha ezivulcanized?
Nangona irabha eluhlaza yerabha ikwanazo nezinye iimpawu eziluncedo zokusetyenziswa kwayo, ikwanazo neengxaki ezininzi, ezinje ngamandla aphantsi kunye nokuthamba okuphantsi; Ukubanda kuyenza ibe nzima, ubushushu buyenza inamathele; Kulula ukuyiguga, njl. Kwangeminyaka yoo-1840, kwafunyaniswa ukuba irabha inokudibana ngokuyifudumeza kunye nesalfure. Ke ngoko, kude kube ngoku, nangona irabha ingadityaniswa kungekuphela nje nesalfure, kodwa kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi zokudibanisa iikhemikhali kunye neendlela zomzimba nezekhemikhali, kushishino lwerabha, bekusoloko kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubhekisa kwi-rubber crosslinking njenge "vulcanization", ngelixa ishishini lokucubungula iplastiki ngamanye amaxesha libhekisa kwi-crosslinking reaction njengokupholisa. I-Vulcanization iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwerabha eluhlaza, yandisa uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwerabha, kwaye ibeka isiseko semveliso enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwerabha kwimizi-mveliso.
Ukuxuba irabha yenye yeenkqubo eziphambili ekucutshungulweni kwemveliso yerabha, kwaye ikwalinyathelo lokugqibela lokucubungula imveliso yerabha. Kule nkqubo, irabha idlula kuthotho lotshintsho oluntsonkothileyo lweekhemikhali, ukusuka kumxube weplastiki ukuya kwirabha ethambileyo okanye eqinileyo edityaniswe ne-cross-linked, ukuze kufunyanwe iipropati zomzimba ezipheleleyo, ezoomatshini nezekhemikhali, kwaye kuphuculwe kwaye kwandiswe ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kunye noluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zerabha. Ke ngoko, ukuxuba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvelisweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwerabha kunye neemveliso zayo.
Ingcamango yokuxuba izinto
I-Vulcanization ibhekisa kwimveliso egqityiweyo eyenziwe ngezinto zerabha ezine-plasticity ethile kunye ne-viscosity (irabha eluhlaza, i-compound yeplastiki, irabha exutyiweyo) ngokusebenzisa ukucutshungulwa okufanelekileyo (okufana nokuqengqeleka, ukukhupha, ukubumba, njl.njl.) phantsi kweemeko ezithile zangaphandle, ngokusebenzisa izinto zeekhemikhali (ezifana nenkqubo ye-vulcanization) okanye izinto ezibonakalayo (ezifana ne-γ Inkqubo yokuguqula isiphumo semitha sibuyele kwiimveliso zerabha ezithambileyo okanye iimveliso zerabha ezinzima ukuze kufumaneke ukusebenza okusebenzayo. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-vulcanization, iimeko zangaphandle (ezifana nokufudumeza okanye imitha) zibangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali phakathi kwerabha eluhlaza kwizinto zerabha kunye ne-agent ye-vulcanizing okanye phakathi kwerabha eluhlaza kunye nerabha eluhlaza, okubangela ukudityaniswa kwee-macromolecule zerabha ezithe tyaba zibe zii-macromolecules ezakhiwe ngenethiwekhi ezintathu.
Ngale ndlela yokusabela, iipropati ezahlukeneyo zerabha ziye zaphucuka kakhulu, nto leyo evumela iimveliso zerabha ukuba zenze iipropati ezibonakalayo, ezoomatshini, kunye nezinye ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwemveliso. Eyona nto iphambili kwi-vulcanization kukudibanisa, okuyinkqubo yokuguqula izakhiwo zeemolekyuli zerabha ezithe ngqo zibe zizakhiwo zenethiwekhi yendawo.
Inkqubo ye-sulfurization
Emva kokulinganisa ubungakanani berabha exutyiweyo kunye ne-vulcanizing agent, inyathelo elilandelayo kukongeza i-vulcanizing agent. Kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele la manyathelo alandelayo ukuze ugqibezele.
1. Okokuqala, coca i-opening mill ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwayo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxutywa kwezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Emva koko lungisa i-roller pitch ye-opening mill ibe ncinci uze ugalele irabha exutyiweyo kwi-opening mill ukuze i-opening pass ibe ncinci. Emva kokuba i-opening pass igqityiwe, isithuba se-roll ye-mixer kufuneka sandiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba irabha exutyiweyo isongwe ngokulinganayo kwi-rolls. Ubushushu bomphezulu werabha exutyiweyo kufuneka bube malunga ne-80oC.
2. Ngokulungisa i-roller pitch kunye nokupholisa amanzi ngokufanelekileyo, ubushushu berabha exutyiweyo bulawulwa malunga nama-60-80 ° C. Kule ndawo, i-agent ye-vulcanizing iqalwa ukongezwa kwirabha exutyiweyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-25-2023
