1. Inkqubo esisiseko yokuhamba
Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, ingakumbi imboni yeekhemikhali, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zerabha, kodwa iinkqubo zazo zemveliso ziyafana. Inkqubo yemveliso yeemveliso ezenziwe ngerabha eqinileyo (irabha eluhlaza) ibandakanya ikakhulu:
Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza → ukwenziwa kweplastiki → ukuxuba → ukwenza → ukwenziwa kwe-vulcanization → ukusika → ukuhlolwa
2. Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Izinto eziphambili zeemveliso zerabha ziquka irabha eluhlaza, izinto ezidityanisiweyo, izinto zefayibha, kunye nezinto zesinyithi. Phakathi kwazo, irabha eluhlaza zizinto ezisisiseko; I-arhente edityanisiweyo zizinto ezincedisayo ezongezwayo ukuphucula iipropati ezithile zeemveliso zerabha; Izinto zefayibha (umqhaphu, ilinen, uboya, iifayibha ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa, iifayibha zokwenziwa) kunye nezinto zesinyithi (ucingo lwentsimbi, ucingo lobhedu) zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezisisiseko zeemveliso zerabha ukuphucula amandla oomatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemveliso.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiselela izinto eziluhlaza, izithako kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwefomula. Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kunye nesixhobo sokudibanisa zixubane ngokulinganayo, kufuneka kucutshungulwe izinto ezithile:
1. Inkqubo esisiseko yokuhamba
Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, ingakumbi imboni yeekhemikhali, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zerabha, kodwa iinkqubo zazo zemveliso ziyafana. Inkqubo yemveliso yeemveliso ezenziwe ngerabha eqinileyo (irabha eluhlaza) ibandakanya ikakhulu:
Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza → ukwenziwa kweplastiki → ukuxuba → ukwenza → ukuxuba → ukuphumla → ukuhlolwa
2. Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Izinto eziphambili zeemveliso zerabha ziquka irabha eluhlaza, izinto ezidityanisiweyo, izinto zefayibha, kunye nezinto zesinyithi. Phakathi kwazo, irabha eluhlaza zizinto ezisisiseko; I-arhente edityanisiweyo zizinto ezincedisayo ezongezwayo ukuphucula iipropati ezithile zeemveliso zerabha; Izinto zefayibha (umqhaphu, ilinen, uboya, iifayibha ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa, iifayibha zokwenziwa) kunye nezinto zesinyithi (ucingo lwentsimbi, ucingo lobhedu) zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezisisiseko zeemveliso zerabha ukuphucula amandla oomatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemveliso.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiselela izinto eziluhlaza, izithako kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwefomula. Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kunye nesixhobo sokudibanisa zixubane ngokulinganayo, kufuneka kucutshungulwe izinto ezithile:
Irabha eluhlaza kufuneka ithanjiswe kwigumbi lokomisa elingama-60-70 ℃ ngaphambi kokuba inqunyulwe kwaye yaphulwe ibe ziingceba ezincinci;
Izinto ezifana neebhloko ezifana neparafini, i-stearic acid, i-rosin, njl. kufuneka zityunyuzwe;
Ukuba i-compound engumgubo inezingcola zoomatshini okanye amasuntswana arhabaxa, kufuneka ihlolwe ize isuswe;
Izongezo zolwelo (ipayini, i-coumarone) zifuna ukufudunyezwa, ukunyibilika, ukufutha amanzi, kunye nokucoca ukungcola;
Isixhobo sokudibanisa kufuneka somiswe, kungenjalo sinokuqhekeka kwaye asinakusasazwa ngokulinganayo ngexesha lokuxuba, nto leyo ebangela amaqamza ngexesha lokuxuba kwaye ichaphazele umgangatho wemveliso;
3. Ukucocwa
Irabha eluhlaza iyanwebeka kwaye ayinazo iimpawu ezifunekayo (iplastiki) zokucubungula, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyicubungula. Ukuze kuphuculwe iplastiki yayo, kuyimfuneko ukuyicubungula irabha eluhlaza; Ngale ndlela, iarhente yokuxuba isasazeka ngokulula ngokulinganayo kwirabha eluhlaza ngexesha lokuxuba; Kwangaxeshanye, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqengqeleka nokuyila, ikwanceda ekuphuculeni ukuvuleka kwezinto zerabha (ezingena kwilaphu lefayibha) kunye nokufuma kokwakheka. Inkqubo yokonakalisa iimolekyuli zetyathanga elide zerabha eluhlaza ukuze zenze iplastiki ibizwa ngokuba yiplastiki. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokucoca irabha eluhlaza: ukucocwa ngoomatshini kunye nokucocwa ngobushushu. Ukucocwa ngoomatshini yinkqubo yokunciphisa ukuwohloka kweemolekyuli zerabha ezinetyathanga elide kunye nokuziguqula ukusuka kwimeko enwebeka kakhulu ukuya kwimeko yeplastiki ngokusebenzisa ukukhuhlana koomatshini kunye nokungqubana komatshini wokucocwa ngoomatshini kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ukucocwa ngoomatshini yinkqubo yokungenisa umoya oshushu ocinezelweyo kwirabha eluhlaza, ethi, phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu kunye neoksijini, yonakalise kwaye ifinyeze iimolekyuli ezinetyathanga elide, ngaloo ndlela ifumane iplastiki.
4. Ukuxuba
Ukuze ukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ukufezekisa ukusebenza okwahlukileyo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso zerabha kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, kuyimfuneko ukongeza izongezo ezahlukeneyo kwirabha eluhlaza. Ukuxuba yinkqubo yokuxuba irabha eluhlaza eyenziwe ngeplastiki kunye nearhente edibanisayo kwaye uyibeke kumxube werabha. Ngokuxuba ngoomatshini, iarhente edibanisayo isasazwa ngokupheleleyo nangokulinganayo kwirabha eluhlaza. Ukuxuba yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kweemveliso zerabha. Ukuba ukuxuba akufani, indima yerabha kunye nezongezo ayinakusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kwemveliso. Izinto zerabha ezifunyenwe emva kokuxuba, ezaziwa ngokuba yirabha exutyiweyo, zizinto ezigqityiweyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso zerabha ezahlukeneyo, ezaziwa ngokuba zizinto zerabha. Ngokwesiqhelo zithengiswa njengempahla, kwaye abathengi banokucubungula ngokuthe ngqo kwaye badibanise izinto zerabha ukuvelisa iimveliso zerabha ezifunekayo. Ngokweefomyula ezahlukeneyo, irabha exutyiweyo inoluhlu lweendidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo, ezibonelela ngokhetho.
5. Ukwakheka
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso zerabha, ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokuqengqa okanye wokukhupha izinto ukwenza iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu kuthiwa kukubumba. Iindlela zokubumba ziquka:
Ukubumba i-rolling kufanelekile ekwenzeni iimveliso ezilula ezimile njengephepha kunye nepleyiti. Yindlela yokucinezela irabha exutyiweyo kwimo ethile kunye nobukhulu befilimu ngomatshini wokuqengqa, obizwa ngokuba yi-rolling forming. Ezinye iimveliso zerabha (ezifana namatayara, iiteyiphu, iipayipi, njl.njl.) zisebenzisa izinto zefayibha zelaphu ekufuneka zigqunywe ngomaleko omncinci we-adhesive (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-adhesive okanye ukusula kwiifayibha), kwaye inkqubo yokugquma idla ngokugqitywa kumatshini wokuqengqa. Izinto zefayibha kufuneka zomiswe kwaye zifakwe ngaphambi kokuqengqa. Injongo yokomisa kukunciphisa umxholo wokufuma kwezinto zefayibha (ukuthintela ukufuma kunye nokuqhuma kwegwebu) kunye nokuphucula
Ixesha leposi: Jan-09-2024
