1. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo esisiseko
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lanamhlanje, ngakumbi ishishini lemichiza, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zerabha, kodwa iinkqubo zabo zokuvelisa ziyafana.Inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso ezenziwe ngerabha eqinileyo ngokubanzi (irabha ekrwada) ikakhulu ibandakanya:
Ukulungiswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada → ukufakwa kweplastiki → ukuxuba → ukwenza → ukuguqulwa → ukucheba → ukuhlola
2. Ukulungiswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada
Izinto eziphambili zeemveliso zerabha ziquka irabha ekrwada, ii-agent ezidibanisayo, imathiriyeli yefayibha, kunye nemathiriyeli yentsimbi.Phakathi kwabo, irabha eluhlaza yinto esisiseko;I-agent edibeneyo yinto encedisayo eyongezelelweyo ukuphucula iimpawu ezithile zeemveliso zerabha;Izixhobo zefayibha (umqhaphu, ilinen, uboya, iintsinga ezenziweyo ezahlukeneyo, iintsinga ezenziweyo) kunye nemathiriyeli yentsimbi (ucingo lwentsimbi, ucingo lobhedu) zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zamathambo kwiimveliso zerabha ukomeleza amandla oomatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemveliso.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, izithako kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwefomula.Ukuze irabha ekrwada kunye nearhente edibanisayo ixube ngokulinganayo enye kwenye, imathiriyeli ethile kufuneka iqwalaselwe:
1. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo esisiseko
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lanamhlanje, ngakumbi ishishini lemichiza, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zerabha, kodwa iinkqubo zabo zokuvelisa ziyafana.Inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso ezenziwe ngerabha eqinileyo ngokubanzi (irabha ekrwada) ikakhulu ibandakanya:
Ukulungiswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada → ukwenziwa kweplastiki → ukuxuba → ukwenza → uvulcanization → ukuphumla → ukuhlolwa
2. Ukulungiswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada
Izinto eziphambili zeemveliso zerabha ziquka irabha ekrwada, ii-agent ezidibanisayo, imathiriyeli yefayibha, kunye nemathiriyeli yentsimbi.Phakathi kwabo, irabha eluhlaza yinto esisiseko;I-agent edibeneyo yinto encedisayo eyongezelelweyo ukuphucula iimpawu ezithile zeemveliso zerabha;Izixhobo zefayibha (umqhaphu, ilinen, uboya, iintsinga ezenziweyo ezahlukeneyo, iintsinga ezenziweyo) kunye nemathiriyeli yentsimbi (ucingo lwentsimbi, ucingo lobhedu) zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zamathambo kwiimveliso zerabha ukomeleza amandla oomatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemveliso.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, izithako kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwefomula.Ukuze irabha ekrwada kunye nearhente edibanisayo ixube ngokulinganayo enye kwenye, imathiriyeli ethile kufuneka iqwalaselwe:
Irabha ekrwada kufuneka ithambe kwindawo yokomisa i-60-70 ℃ ngaphambi kokuba isikwe kwaye iqhekezwe ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci;
Iibhloko ezifana nezongezo ezifana neparafini, i-stearic acid, i-rosin, njl.njl. kufuneka zicolwe;
Ukuba i-powder powder iqulethe ukungcola komatshini okanye iinqununu ezinqabileyo, kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zisuswe;
Izongezo zolwelo (i-pine tar, i-coumarone) zifuna ukufudumeza, ukunyibilika, ukukhupha amanzi, kunye nokucoca ukungcola;
I-agent edibeneyo kufuneka yomiswe, ngaphandle koko ixhomekeke kwi-cluming kwaye ayikwazi ukuchithwa ngokulinganayo ngexesha lokuxuba, okubangelwa ama-bubbles ngexesha le-vulcanization kunye nokuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso;
3. Ukusulungekiswa
Irabha ekrwada i-elastic kwaye ayinazo iimpawu eziyimfuneko (iplasticity) yokucubungula, okwenza kube nzima ukuyiqhuba.Ukuze kuphuculwe iplastiki yayo, kuyimfuneko ukucokisa irabha eluhlaza;Ngale ndlela, i-ejenti yokudibanisa ihlakazwa ngokulula kwi-rubber eluhlaza ngexesha lokuxuba;Ngexesha elifanayo, ngexesha lokuqengqeleka kunye nokubumba inkqubo, ikwanceda ekuphuculeni ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto zerabha (ukungena kwi-fiber fabric) kunye nokwenza umbane.Inkqubo yokuthobisa iimolekyuli ezinde zerabha ekrwada ukwenza iplastiki ibizwa ngokuba yiplastiki.Zimbini iindlela zokucokisa irabha ekrwada: ukucokisa ngoomatshini kunye nokucokisa i-thermal.Ukwenziwa kweplastiki ngoomatshini yinkqubo yokunciphisa ukuthotywa kweemolekyuli zerabha ezinde kunye nokuziguqula ukusuka kwimeko enwebekayo ukuya kwimo yeplastiki ngokukhutshwa ngoomatshini kunye nokukhuhlana komatshini wokwenza iplastiki kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi noko.Ukucocwa kwe-Thermoplastic yinkqubo yokwazisa umoya oshushu oxinanisiweyo kwirabha eluhlaza, ethi, phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu kunye ne-oksijini, ithobe kwaye inciphise iimolekyuli ze-long-chain, ngaloo ndlela ifumana iplastiki.
4. Ukuxuba
Ukuze ulungelelanise iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ukufezekisa ukusebenza okwahlukileyo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso zerabha kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, kuyimfuneko yokongeza izongezo ezahlukeneyo kwirabha eluhlaza.Ukuxuba yinkqubo yokuxuba irabha ekrwada yeplastiki kunye ne-agent edibeneyo kunye nokuyibeka kumxube werabha.Ngokuxutywa komatshini, i-agent edibeneyo isasazwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngokufanayo kwirabha ekrwada.Ukuxuba kuyinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iimveliso zerabha.Ukuba ukuxuba akufani, indima yerubha kunye nezongezo azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwemveliso.Izinto zerabha ezifunyenwe emva kokuxuba, ezaziwa ngokuba yirabha exutyiweyo, yimathiriyeli engagqibekanga esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso zerabha ezahlukeneyo, ezaziwa ngokuba yirubha.Idla ngokuthengiswa njengempahla yorhwebo, kwaye abathengi banokucubungula ngokuthe ngqo kwaye bafake i-vulcanize imathiriyeli yerabha ukuvelisa iimveliso zerabha ezifunekayo.Ngokweefomula ezahlukeneyo, i-rubber edibeneyo inoluhlu lwamabakala ahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo, ezibonelela ngokukhetha.
5. Ukubumba
Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweemveliso zerabha, ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokuqengqeleka okanye wokukhupha ukwenza kwangaphambili iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu kubizwa ngokuba kukubumba.Iindlela zokuyila ziquka:
Ukuqulunqa ukuqengqeleka kukulungele ukwenza iphepha elilula kunye neemveliso ezimilise ipleyiti.Yindlela yokucofa irabha exutyiweyo kwimilo ethile kunye nobukhulu befilimu ngomatshini oqengqelekayo, obizwa ngokuba yi-rolling forming.Ezinye iimveliso zerabha (ezinjengamatayara, iiteyiphu, ithumbu, njl. njl.) zisebenzisa imathiriyeli yosinga olulaphu ekufuneka igqunywe ngomaleko obhityileyo wokuncamathelisa (okwabizwa ngokuba kukuncamathelisa okanye ukosula kwimicu), kwaye inkqubo yokwaleka idla ngokugqityezelwa kwi-adhesive. umatshini wokuqengqeleka.Izinto zeFayibha kufuneka zomiswe kwaye zifakwe ngaphambi kokuqengqeleka.Injongo yokomisa kukunciphisa ukufuma kwezinto zefiber (ukunqanda ukuvela komphunga kunye nogwebu) kunye nokuphucula.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-09-2024