1. Inkqubo esisiseko yokuhamba
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zerabha, kodwa inkqubo yemveliso iyafana ngokusisiseko. Inkqubo esisiseko yeemveliso zerabha enerabha eqinileyo yerabha-eluhlaza njengezinto eziluhlaza ibandakanya iinkqubo ezintandathu ezisisiseko: ukwenza iplastiki, ukuxuba, ukwenza ikhalenda, ukukhupha, ukubumba kunye nokuxuba. Kakade ke, iinkqubo ezisisiseko ezifana nokulungiselela izinto eziluhlaza, ukugqiba imveliso egqityiweyo, ukuhlolwa kunye nokupakishwa nazo azinamsebenzi. Itekhnoloji yokucubungula irabha ikakhulu kukusombulula impikiswano phakathi kweempawu zeplastiki kunye ne-elastic. Ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe, irabha ye-elastic iguqulwa ibe yirabha yeplastiki ehlanjululweyo, kwaye emva koko kongezwa iiarhente ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa ukwenza iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, kwaye emva koko iimveliso zeplastiki ezigqityiweyo ziguqulwa zibe ziimveliso zerabha ezinokuqina okuphezulu kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zomzimba nezoomatshini ngokusebenzisa i-vulcanization.
2. Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Eyona nto iphambili kwiimveliso zerabha yirabha eluhlaza njengezinto ezisisiseko, kwaye irabha eluhlaza iqokelelwa ngokusika ngokwenziwa amaxolo emithi yerabha ekhuliswe kwiindawo ezishushu nezingaphantsi kwetropiki.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezidityanisiweyo zizinto ezincedisayo ezongezwayo ukuphucula ezinye iipropati zeemveliso zerabha.
Izinto zefayibha (umqhaphu, ihemp, uboya kunye neefayibha ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngumntu, iifayibha ezenziweyo kunye nezinto zesinyithi, iingcingo zentsimbi) zisetyenziswa njengezinto zamathambo kwiimveliso zerabha ukomeleza amandla oomatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquka kwemveliso. Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela izinto eziluhlaza, izithako kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwefomula. Ukuze irabha eluhlaza kunye nearhente edibanisayo zidityaniswe ngokulinganayo, izinto kufuneka zicutshungulwe. Irabha eluhlaza kufuneka ithanjiswe kwigumbi lokomisa kwi-60–70℃, ize inqunyulwe kwaye iqhekezwe ibe ziingceba ezincinci. Iarhente edibanisayo ineziqwenga. Ezifana neparafini, i-stearic acid, i-rosin, njl.njl. ukuze zityunyuzwe. Ukuba umgubo uqulethe ukungcola koomatshini okanye amasuntswana arhabaxa, kufuneka uhlolwe ukuze kususwe ezo zimanzi ezifana ne-pine tar kunye ne-coumarone, ekufuneka zifudunyezwe, zinyibilikiswe, ziphele, kwaye zihluzwe. Ukwakheka kwamaqamza ngexesha lokuxubana okufanayo kuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso.
3. Ukwenza iplastiki ibe yiplastiki
Irabha eluhlaza iyanwebeka kwaye ayinabo ubumdaka obufunekayo ekucutshungulweni, ngoko ke akulula ukuyicubungula. Ukuze kuphuculwe ubumdaka bayo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlafuna irabha eluhlaza, ukuze i-compounding agent isasazeke ngokulula nangokulinganayo kwirabha eluhlaza ngexesha lokuxuba, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kukwanceda ukuphucula ukuvuleka kwerabha kwaye ingene kwilaphu lefayibha ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza i-calendar kunye nokwenziwa kwayo. Inkqubo yokonakalisa iimolekyuli zetyathanga elide zerabha eluhlaza ukuze zenze ubumdaka ibizwa ngokuba yi-mastication. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokwenza irabha eluhlaza ibe yiplastiki: ukwenza iplastiki ngoomatshini kunye nokwenza iplastiki ngobushushu. Ukwenza iplastiki ngoomatshini yinkqubo apho iimolekyuli zerabha ezinobumdaka obude ziwohloka kwaye zifinyezwe ukusuka kwimeko ephezulu ye-elastic ukuya kwimeko yeplastiki ngokuphuma koomatshini kunye nokungqubana kwe-plasticizer kubushushu obuphantsi. Ukwenza iplastiki eshushu kukudlulisa umoya oshushu ocinezelweyo kwirabha eluhlaza phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu kunye neoksijini ukuze kuthotywe iimolekyuli zetyathanga elide kwaye zifinyezwe ukuze zenze ubumdaka.
4.Ukuxuba
Ukuze kuhlengahlengiswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, kufunyanwe iipropati ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kweemveliso zerabha kwaye kuncitshiswe iindleko, kufuneka kongezwe iiarhente ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa kwirabha eluhlaza. Ukuxuba yinkqubo apho irabha eluhlaza exutywe nearhente yokudibanisa, kwaye iarhente yokudibanisa isasazwa ngokupheleleyo nangokulinganayo kwirabha eluhlaza ngokuxuba ngomatshini kumatshini wokuxuba irabha. Ukuxuba yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso zerabha. Ukuba ukuxuba akufani, isiphumo seerabha kunye neearhente zokudibanisa asinakusebenza ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kwemveliso. Izinto zerabha ezifunyenwe emva kokuxuba zibizwa ngokuba yirabha exutyiweyo. Yinto egqityiweyo yokwenza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zerabha, eyaziwa ngokuba zizinto zerabha, edla ngokuthengiswa njengempahla. Abathengi banokusebenzisa izinto zerabha ukuyicubungula, ukuyibumba kunye nokuyixuba ngqo kwiimveliso zerabha ezifunekayo. Ngokweefomyula ezahlukeneyo, kukho uthotho lweeklasi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha kuzo.
5. Ukwenziwa
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso zerabha, inkqubo yokulungiselela iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ngeekhalenda okanye ii-extruders ibizwa ngokuba yi-molding.
6. Ukuguqulwa kweVulcanization
Inkqubo yokuguqula irabha yeplastiki ibe yirabha elastiki ibizwa ngokuba yi-vulcanization. Yeyokongeza inani elithile le-agent ye-vulcanizing efana ne-sulfur, i-vulcanization accelerator, njl. Iimolekyuli ezithe tye zerabha eluhlaza zidibene ukuze zenze isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinemilinganiselo emithathu ngokwenziwa "kweebhulorho ze-sulfur", ukuze i-compound yerabha yeplastiki ibe yi-vulcanizate elastiki kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-29-2022
